Al dar a conocer que ha sido violada y darse muerte, Lucrecia ensambla un hecho privado que interesa al Estado y está abierto a la discusión de todos. Con ello traspasa la responsabilidad del próximo acto político a los patricios. Los análisis que realizan Agustín de Hipona y Kant de ese sucidio, centrados en el pudor y el honor, tienen en común soslayar que Lucrecia testimonia del crimen, por lo que no vislumbran la cadena de acciones que detona la heroína, (...) ignorando el interés público del acontecimiento. Una consideración filosófica sobre el suicidio y sobre el testimonio de Lucrecia permite esclarecer algunos aspectos infravalorados de la heroína romana. (shrink)

This article analyses the multimodal representations of public space in Chilean broadcast news reports on the figure of the hooded rioter and its alleged connections with the student movement. We seek to identify how space is constructed as a legitimation strategy in relation to the actors involved and the actions taking place across four different news broadcast pieces in the light of Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis and Systemic Functional Linguistics. Results show that the multimodal representations of space are crucial to (...) identify and functionalize hooded rioters as belonging to the student movement. Actions are dependent on the spaces in which actors operate, restricting the occupation of certain spaces to specific actors. Thus, transgressive protest actions are to be contained to educational spaces and represented as naturalized vandalism, ignoring the students’/demonstrators’ motivations to recuperate/vindicate the public space. (shrink)

Resumen: Esta exposición intenta comprender las formas culturales de comunicación y fijación mnémica en una narración específica que Davi Kopenawa, chamán Yanomami, expone al antropólogo Bruce Albert, en virtud de los modos de existencia amazónicos, refiriéndose en particular a la intensidad de los espíritus selváticos y a la experiencia chamánica con los mundos espirituales. En el contexto de una extensión vegetal dispersa y sobresaliente, afirmamos una sociabilidad cotidiana en el marco de una “ética respetuosa o amorosa” entre todas las formas (...) de vida, expresada estéticamente en formas significantes y transportadoras de emociones desarrolladas por la cosmología amazónica. Para ello utilizamos las nociones que Aby Warburg emplea en su estudio de la cultura de las imágenes, en tanto curso por el que estas pueden entenderse como organismos vivientes susceptibles a transformación, preservando su propia biología en la trasmisión codificada de la memoria.: This exhibition tries to understand the cultural forms of communication and mnemic fixation in a specific narrative that Davi Kopenawa, Yanomami shaman, exposes to the anthropologist Bruce Albert, by virtue of Amazonian modes of existence, especially referring to the intensity of jungle spirits and experience Shamanic with spiritual worlds. In the context of a dispersed and outstanding plant extension, we affirm a daily sociability within the framework of a “respectful or loving ethic” among all life forms, aesthetically expressed in significant and transporting forms of emotions developed by Amazonian cosmology. For this we use the notions that Aby Warburg uses in his study of the culture of images, as a course by which they can be understood as living organisms susceptible to transformation, preserving their own biology in the coded transmission of memory. (shrink)

Clathrin and the endocytosis machinery has recently been described as being required in mammalian cells for the internalization of large particles including pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and large viruses. These apparently unexpected observations, within the framework of the classical mechanisms for the formation of clathrin‐coated vesicles, are now considered as examples of a new non‐classical function of clathrin, which can promote the internalization of membrane domains associated to planar clathrin lattices. The role of actin downstream of clathrin seems to be critical (...) for this still poorly characterized process. The historical frontier between endocytosis and phagocytosis is vanishing in the light of this new role for clathrin. (shrink)

Luego de señalar algunos momentos específicos en la obra de Arendt, en los que la cuestión de la sentimentalidad aparece, sobre todo de manera crítica, nos centraremos en un aspecto específico de esta, de especial interés para nosotros: el lugar de la indignación a la hora de narrar, contar, construir la historia de una comunidad y a la hora de abrir e instaurar el espacio público, caracterizado por Arendt como el espacio de aparición más elemental, donde los otros aparecen ante (...) mí y yo aparezco ante los otros , haciendo surgir lo político. Esta perspectiva nos permitirá reconstruir la posible relación entre indignación y política, en el pensamiento de la autora alemana. Starting from highlighting some specific moments in Arendt’s works critically dealing with sentimentality matters, we will focus on a specific aspect: the place of indignation when narrating, telling, and constructing the history of a community and, at the same time, opening a public space. This is characterized by Arendt as an elementary space, where others appear to me and I appear before them. , originating the political aspect. This view allows us to rebuild the possible relationship between indignation and politics in this German author’s views. (shrink)

This essay examines the problems associated with the installation of a precision instrument at the National Astronomical Observatory of Chile, starting before its construction and following the process through its installation to its later useful life. Between 1908 and 1913, the director of the observatory, Friedrich W. Ristenpart, corresponded with the German manufacturer, A. Repsold & Söhne in Hamburg, trying to identify the critical points pertinent to the installation of the instrument in Chile. These communications reveal how the installation of (...) the instrument required the stabilization of local knowledge (location, adjustment, calibration, and staging) that would allow the data it obtained to be universally validated. This correspondence between user and manufacturer also reveals that the phenomenon of the mobility of instruments implies much more than simply transporting something from one place to another: there is no movement without some type of coordination between the extraction of an object from a certain place and context and its insertion into a new place and set of relationships. (shrink)

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo principal reflexionar sobre la efectividad de las aplicaciones de arqueología virtual en públicos escolares para la comprensión y el aprendizaje del patrimonio arqueológico con el fin de aprehender de qué manera las tecnologías, como la Realidad Aumentada y la Realidad Virtual, pueden aportar un valor añadido a las propuestas educativas realizadas por museos y sitios arqueológicos que no cuentan con esta inclusión. El análisis exploratorio del caso se realiza en el Museo del Mar de Santa (...) Pola (España) que ha desarrollado este tipo de aplicaciones en el yacimiento arqueológico romano que gestiona, el Portus Ilicitanus. (shrink)

O artigo em questão trata do conceito de “escrita-currículo”, produzido no âmbito da perspectiva cultural de Educação Física. A partir da “pedagogia do conceito” inscrita na perspectiva filosófica de Félix Guattari e Gilles Deleuze, analisamos o referido conceito tomando como referência os elementos de: assinatura, historicidade, campo de imanência, elementos e componentes, multiplicidade, personagem conceitual, traços de intensidade e objetividade. Assim, vimos que o conceito procura movimentar de uma outra forma as práticas pedagógicas prescritas, fixas, rígidas, tradicionais, tecnicistas, procedimentais, acríticas, (...) homogeneizantes, moralizantes, deterministas e sequenciais. (shrink)

RESUMEN El artículo analiza el complejo tema del derecho a la memoria como derecho humano de carácter cultural así como su consagración en el ordenamiento jurídico chileno. El trabajo alude a la problemática del reconocimiento de los nuevos derechos fundamentales y el modo de hacerlos efectivos, para lo cual se analizará la estructura de dicho derecho en cuanto a su contenido esencial, titularidad y garantías. Finalmente, se plantea el tema de la protección de los derechos implícitos a través de una (...) interpretación sistemática del sistema constitucional chileno. (shrink)

Research on the use of smartphone apps with the aim of developing self-regulated learning and increasing academic performance of university students in virtual mode, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, is recent and scarce. The present article shows the results of a study that analyzed the effect of using the 4Planning app with an intra-curricular approach on SRL and on the academic performance of 119 1st-year psychology students in virtual mode, at a Chilean university. The research was conducted with (...) quantitative methodology and a quasi-experimental design, with pre- and posttest measurements of an experimental group and comparisons with three control groups. The results show that students who used the app during 10 weeks of the first academic semester 2021: increased SRL self-report, increased academic self-efficacy, and obtained higher academic performance, compared to those who did not use it. The above occurs because the 4Planning app activates functions of the self-regulatory system of goal-directed behavior, which allows exercising the capacity of self-direction and self-influence on this type of behavior in the particular context of academic performance, which produces SRL. It is concluded that the 4Planning app is effective in developing self-regulation and improving the academic performance of 1st-year university students, in virtual learning mode. (shrink)

La introducción de videotutoriales interactivos (VTI) en las clases prácticas de laboratorio de grados en ciencias e ingenierías como complemento a los tradicionales protocolos experimentales escritos ha sido analizada mediante encuestas de satisfacción al alumnado. Los resultados muestran un alto grado de aceptación en el uso de los vídeos y la mejora del aprendizaje autónomo, pero también reflejan una percepción del aumento de la carga de trabajo debido a la inclusión de preguntas en los vídeos, que es valorado de forma (...) muy negativa por parte del alumnado. (shrink)

Al definir “suicidio”, la Real Academia Española toma una opción filosófica que se aleja de algunos propósitos y puntos de vista de la salubridad pública, y acentúa su carácter de actividad íntima que realiza un sujeto capaz de acción. Los límites del concepto no son claros; hay un continuo entre el suicidio y encontrar la muerte por causa natural, accidental o conducta de riesgo. Pero el suicidio solo puede ser fruto de un acto soberano, de modo que quien esté privado (...) de voluntad no es un suicida. Esto permite discutir los planteamientos de B. Spinoza e I. Kant, así como algunas posturas de sanidad pública que no ven ese carácter soberano del suicidio. (shrink)

The following presents an excerpt from Nishitani Keiji’s “Prajña and Reason” (1979), which can be considered Nishitani’s last attempt to make his case for the importance of the “standpoint of śūnyatā (‘emptiness’)” in confrontation with the history of Western philosophy. The translator’s preface situates “Prajña and Reason” (1) in Nishitani’s oeuvre and (2) in the context of his broader reception of Western thought, before (3) outlining the place of the excerpt within the full study. The translation here excerpts section six (...) and a portion of the final section seven. Where the prior sections develop and motivate his unified interpretation of G. W. F. Hegel (from the Differenzschrift to the Encyclopedia), in this excerpt, Nishitani diagnoses a problem in the relationships between the domains of Absolute Spirit, specifically, philosophy and religion. As argued in the translator’s preface, the arch of this study points to the contributions that religion (and art) make in evincing “living activity,” a “Knowing” that, while perhaps “un-Scientific” and, in that way, a “not-Knowing,” is for all that “Truthful.”. (shrink)

Based on a qualitative research developed with former fighters from the paramilitarism and the extinct FARC guerrilla in Colombia, this article develops, from a feminist perspective, the analytical and political proposition of understanding armed groups as technologies of gender, understanding the production of militarized masculinities. The article conceptualizes the notion of militarized masculinities from a double component: militarization and militarism, while comparing paramilitary and guerrilla masculinities, emphasizing in how insurgent masculinity emerged inside the FARC as a type of militarized masculinity (...) characterized, among other things, by a communal subjectivity. (shrink)

Aristóteles sostiene que los animales no requieren un monarcon con poderes arbitrarios para gobernarse, como tampoco lo requiere una ciudad bien gobernada. Con ello inaugura una analogía entre la vida animal y la vida política. Examinando algunos textos de él y de filósofos posteriores (Vitoria, Locke, Condillac y Rousseau), se constata que la analogía tiene continuidad y que se complementa con nociones modernas, como la de soberanía e interés. Aplicado por Condillac a los animales, el interés es entendido como una (...) guía que orienta la vida de los animales, y no sólo como un "instinto" conducente a obtener alimentación y reproducción. Asimismo, la capacidad de movimiento de algunos animales requiere algún grado de conciencia de sí, del entorno y de la propia posibilidad de muerte. El conjunto lleva a que es difícil hablar de lo político sin una analogía con la vida animal o viceversa y a que dicha analogía obligaría reconocer derechos a los animales, tal como se constata ya en la jurisprudencia y en algunos textos jurídicos. Aristote maintains that, in order to govern themselves, animals need neither a monarcon with arbitrary powers, nor a well governed city. With this assessment he establishes an analogy between animal life and political life. Following analysis of some of his and later philosophers' (Vitoria, Locke, Condillac, and Rousseau) texts, we can affirm that this analogy has displayed continuity and that it is complemented with some modern concepts, such as those of sovereignty and interest. Applied by Condillac to animals, the concept of interest is understood as a guide that orientates their life, and not only as an "instinct" conducive to obtaining food and enabling reproduction. Likewise, the capacity of movement of some animals requires a certain degree of consciousness of self, of the environment and of the possibility of their own death. The ensemble shows that it is hard to talk about the political without an analogy with the animal life, and vice versa; and that the analogy would support the obligation to recognize rights of animals, as already some courts have decided and as can be found in some legal texts. (shrink)

This study tested a structural model of cognitive-emotional explanatory variables to explain performance in mathematics. The predictor variables assessed were related to students’ level of development of early mathematical competencies (EMCs), specifically, relational and numerical competencies, predisposition toward mathematics, and the level of logical intelligence in a population of primary school Chilean students (n = 634). This longitudinal study also included the academic performance of the students during a period of four years as a variable. The sampled students were initially (...) assessed by means of an Early Numeracy Test (ENT), and, subsequently, they were administered a Likert-type scale to measure their predisposition toward mathematics (EPMAT) and a basic test of logical intelligence (TILE). The results of these tests were used to analyse the interaction of all the aforementioned variables by means of a structural equations model. This combined interaction model was able to predict 64.3% of the variability of observed performance. Preschool students' performance in EMCs was a strong predictor for achievement in mathematics for students between 8 to 11 years of age. Therefore, this paper highlights the importance of EMCs and the modulating role of predisposition toward mathematics. Also, this paper discusses the educational role of these findings, as well as possible ways to improve negative predispositions toward mathematical tasks in the school domain. (shrink)

Reseña de la obra de Burkert, Walter, La Religión Griega: Arcaica y Clásica. Madrid, Abada Editores, 2007, 502 pp. ISBN: 978-84-96775-01-5.

Los datos se han convertido en un elemento significativo para comprender el comportamiento de diversos sistemas. En este contexto, Big Data es un concepto que hace referencia al trabajo con grandes volúmenes de datos y con una frontera difusa entre análisis y gestión de ellos. Con tal objeto, esta investigación se enmarca en el paradigma cualitativo. Mediante entrevistas a estudiantes y profesores, partícipes de un curso introductorio a Big Data, busca develar la utilidad en torno a esta temática. Los principales (...) hallazgos constatan una divergencia entre el concepto y lo que se entiende de él. (shrink)

ABSTRACT The performance Un violador en tu camino [A rapist in your way] created by the Chilean feminist collective Las Tesis received global media attention during the 2019/2020 Chilean protests against inequality and human rights violations. Drawing on insights from Feminist Critical Discourse Studies, Corporeal Sociolinguistics and Multimodal Critical Discourse Studies, we analyse three video recordings of Las Tesis’ performances in three capital cities in Latin America: Santiago, Buenos Aires, and Mexico City. We study how sounds, lyrics, body movements, and (...) accessories work together to defy institutional, material, and symbolic violence against women. We also analyse how intertextual strategies in the Santiago/chilean performance and their recontextualization in Buenos Aires and Mexico City were employed to resist structural patriarchal norms. The analysis reveals that through an adaptation of the song lyrics and the performances, the following social actors are explicitly identified as the instigators of violence against women: the police and the President, judges opposed to the legalization of abortion and the Catholic Church. This study advances understanding of feminist emancipatory and resistance discourses in Latin America. (shrink)

La epistemología histórico-filosófica de la "visión de los vencidos" suponía la existencia de una verdad, complementaria a la del vencedor. Sin embargo, esa perspectiva conduce, sin proponérselo, a un debilitamiento de la idea de verdad en relación con el continente americano. Eso abre la puerta a la desrealización de éste, evolucionando hacia la idea de que América es un juego de lenguaje dentro de otros juegos de lenguaje, sin remitir a una realidad o a una verdad epistemológico-filosófica. El análisis de (...) algunos aspectos de la obra de Miguel León Portilla, Peter Mason, Peter Sloterdijk y de la Jornada de Omagua de Dorado, escrita en 1561, sirven de apoyo para lo aquí planteado. The historical-philosophical epistemology of the vision of the vanquished supposed the existence of a true, complementary to the defeated's one, in all discourse on America. Nevertheless, that perspective leads, unwillingly, to a weakening of the idea of truth in relation to the continent. This opens the path to its derealisation and leads to the idea that America is a speech game within another speech games, and does not address a reality or a philosophical-epistemological truth. Our statements are supported by analysis of some aspects of the work of Peter Sloterdijk and Peter Mason and of the Journey of Omagua y Dorado, written in 1561. (shrink)

En las páginas siguientes, inspirados por el concepto sartreano de mirada y el concepto foucaultiano de panóptico , analizamos el papel de la mirada y de la observación panóptica en la película Aguirre, la cólera de Dios, de Werner Herzog. Ponemos el foco en cómo los cuerpos de los compañeros del conquistador Lope de Aguirre son dominados por éste; cómo, mediante esta relación, son transformados; y, finalmente, discutimos el significado y naturaleza de la película, más relacionado con la representación del (...) individuo sublime que con la mera narración de la Conquista.In the following pages, inspired by Sartre's concept of "regard" and Foucault's concept of "panopticon," we consider the role of regarding and of panoptical watching in the film Aguirre, God's Wrath , by Werner Herzog. We point out how the bodies of Aguirre's fellow conquistadors are dominated by him; how, by this relation they are transformed; and, finally, we discuss the meaning and nature of the film, which is more linked with the representation of a sublime individual than with a mere story about the American Conquest. (shrink)

The following text is a concise narration of the construction of identities in the subordinate sectors of Colombia during the first half of the 20th century. We are mainly interested in the ‘collective identity’ as it deals with the cultural elements which give a sense of being part of a group and differentiate one from the other. Another important area that we want to explore is the subordinate sectors, wich comes from Antonio Gramsci’s conception on hegemony.

Twentieth century criticism has pointed out that many of Jonathan Swift´s works are linked with Irish conditions as well as some theories, which have remained particularly obscure for many literary investigations, in spite of the fact that they might be the key to a better understanding of the Irish author. Remarkable scholars noticed three main theoretical fields: economical, scientific and philosophical/linguistic. In the following pages, we will take into account some recent works on Swift in order to point out how (...) A Modest Proposal develops its satiric energy from a hesitating biopolitics, which criticises modernity and some of its knowledge, and also casts some light on human being’s contemporary condition. La crítica del siglo XX ha hecho ver que varias de las obras de Jonathan Swift están vinculadas tanto con las condiciones sociales, políticas y culturales irlandesas como con algunas teorías, las cuales han quedado en la oscuridad para algunas investigaciones literarias, a pesar del hecho de que puedan ser la clave de un mejor entendimiento del autor irlandés. Importantes investigadores han distinguido tres campos teóricos principales a los que se refiere la obra de Swift: el económico, el científico y el filosófico/lingüístico. En las siguientes páginas, tomaremos en cuenta algunos de los trabajos recientes sobre Swift con la intención de hacer ver que Una Modesta Proposición desarrolla su fuerza satírica a partir de una biopolítica que duda y critica la modernidad y algunos de los saberes de la modernidad, arrojando luz acerca de la condición contemporánea del ser humano. (shrink)

La crítica del siglo XX ha hecho ver que varias de las obras de Jonathan Swift están vinculadas tanto con las condiciones sociales, políticas y culturales irlandesas como con algunas teorías, las cuales han quedado en la oscuridad para algunas investigaciones literarias, a pesar del hecho de que pue..